我们常发现当别人打哈欠时,自己也会不由自主的跟着打,好像会传染一样,这究竟是为什么呢?下面北京翻译公司带大家一起来看看下面的这个文章吧~
A University of Nottingham team found it occurs in a part of the brain responsible for motor function。
诺丁汉大学的研究小组发现它发生在大脑负责运动功能的部分。
The primary motor cortex also plays a part in conditions such as Tourette’s syndrome。
初级运动皮层也在图雷特氏综合症等疾病中起着重要作用。
So the scientists say understanding contagious yawning could also help understand those disorders too。
因此,科学家们说,了解传染性哈欠也有助于理解这些疾病。
syndrome /‘s?ndr??m/ n。 [临床] 综合症状;并发症状
contagious /k?n‘te?d??s/ adj。 感染性的;会蔓延的
yawn /j?: n/ n。 哈欠;裂口;v。 打哈欠
disorder /d?s‘?: d?/ n。 混乱;骚乱;v。 使失调;扰乱
Contagious yawning is a common form of echo-phenomena - the automatic imitation of someone else’s words or actions。
传染性哈欠是一种常见的模仿行为,即自动模仿他人的言语或行为。
Echo-phenomena is also seen in Tourette’s, as well as in other conditions, including epilepsy and autism。
在图雷特氏综合症以及其他疾病,包括癫痫和自闭症中,也出现了这一模仿现象。
To test what’s happening in the brain during the phenomenon, scientists monitored 36 volunteers while they watched others yawning。
为了测试这一现象在大脑中发生的情况,科学家们监测了36名志愿者在看到其他人打哈欠时的反应。
echo-phenomena /‘ek??f?n’?m?n?/ n。 模仿现象
automatic /?: t?‘mæt?k/ adj。 自动的;无意识的
imitation /?m?‘te??(?)n/ n。 模仿,仿造;仿制品
epilepsy /‘ep?leps?/ n。 [内科] 癫痫,癫痫症
autism /‘?: t?z(?)m/ n。 [心理][内科] 孤独症;自我中心主义
monitor /‘m?n?t?/ vt。 监控;n。 监视器;监听器
In the study, published in the journal Current Biology, some were told it was fine to yawn while others were told to stifle the urge。
此项研究发表在《当代生物学》杂志上,在试验中一部分人被告知看到别人打哈欠后可以跟着打,而另一部分人则被告知要抑制这种欲望。
The urge to yawn was down to how each person’s primary motor cortex worked - its “excitability”。
打哈欠的冲动取决于个人主要运动皮层的特质—“兴奋性”。
And, using external transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), it was also possible to increase “excitability” in the motor cortex and therefore people’s propensity for contagious yawns。
采用外部经颅磁刺激(TMS)试验也有可能增加运动皮层的“兴奋性”,导致你会有传染性哈欠的欲望。
stifle /‘sta?f(?)l/ vt。 扼杀;窒息;抑制
cortex /‘k?: teks/ n。 [解剖] 皮质;树皮;果皮
excitability /?k,sa?t?‘b?l?ti/ n。 [生理] 兴奋性,应激性;可激发性
transcranial /trænz?kre?n??l/ adj。 经颅的
magnetic /mæg‘net?k/ adj。 地磁的;磁的;有磁性的
stimulation /?st?mj?‘le?n/ n。 刺激;激励,鼓舞
propensity /pr?‘pens?t?/ n。 倾向,习性;癖好,偏爱
Georgina Jackson, professor of cognitive neuropsychology who worked on the study, said the finding could have wider uses: “In Tourette’s, if we could reduce the excitability we might reduce the ticks, and that’s what we are working on。”
参与这项研究的认知神经心理学教授乔治娜。杰克逊说,这一发现可能有更深层次的用途:“如果在治疗图雷特氏综合症时我们能够降低兴奋性,我们可能就会减少抽动,而这正是我们研究的目标。”
Prof Stephen Jackson, who also worked on the research, added: “If we can understand how alterations in cortical excitability give rise to neural disorders we can potentially reverse them。
斯蒂芬。杰克逊教授也参与了这项研究,他补充道:“如果我们能理解大脑皮层兴奋性的变化是如何引起神经紊乱的,我们就有可能逆转它们。”
We are looking for potential non-drug, personalised treatments, using TMS that might be effective in modulating imbalances in the brain networks。
“我们正在寻找潜在的非药物的个性化治疗,采用TMS方法就可能有效地调节大脑网络的不平衡状态。”
cognitive neuropsychology /‘k?gn?t?v/ /,nj??r?(?)sa?’k?l?d??/ 认知神经心理学
alteration /?: lt?‘re??(?)n/ n。 修改,改变;变更
cortical /‘k??t?k?l/ adj。 皮质的;[生物] 皮层的;外皮的
neural /‘nj??r(?)l/ adj。 神经的;神经系统的;神经中枢的
reverse /r?‘v??s/ v。 颠倒;倒转;逆转
personalised /‘p?:s?n?laizd/ adj。 (英)个人化的(等于personalized)
modulate /‘m?dj?le?t/ v。 调节;(信号)调制;调整
imbalance /?m‘bæl(?)ns/ n。 不平衡;不安定
Dr Andrew Gallup, a psychologist at State University of New York at Albany, who has carried out research into the connection between empathy and yawning, said using TMS was a “novel approach” to the study of contagious yawning。
安德鲁。盖洛普博士是纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校的心理学家,他对共鸣和打哈欠之间的联系进行了研究,他说,使用TMS来研究是传染性哈欠一种“新奇的方法”。
He added: “We still know relatively little about why we yawn。 Various studies have proposed links between contagious yawning and empathy, yet the research supporting this connection is mixed and inconsistent。
他补充道:“对于为什么打哈欠我们了解的还很少。”针对传染性哈欠和共鸣之间的联系开展了很多研究,但是目前说法不一。
The current findings provide further evidence that yawn contagion may be unrelated to empathic processing。
“目前的研究结果进一步证明,打哈欠传染可能与共鸣无关。”
psychologist /sa?‘k?l?d??st/ n。 心理学家,心理学者
empathy /‘emp?θ?/ n。 执着;感同身受;同感;共鸣
propose /pr?‘p??z/ v。 建议;打算,计划
inconsistent /?nk?n‘s?st(?)nt/ adj。 不一致的;前后矛盾的
empathic /em‘pæθ?k/ adj。 移情作用的;神入的;共鸣的